martes, 22 de octubre de 2013

SOLUTIONS TO THE EXERCISES ON PRESENT SIMPLE VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Exercise 1  (Negatives are given in their contracted form, affirmatives are not given in their contracted form, but in speech present continuous tenses are normally contracted in the affirmative.)
1 are you going; am going, do you want
2 do you smoke; I don't smoke, smokes, I do; spends 
3 sees; are you waiting; am waiting 
4 you usually go; belongs, wants; is using 
5 go; takes, passes; is working, am queueing 
6 Are you coming, are you waiting; think, wait, are, looks 
7 are waiting; is dialling; Do you know; phones 
8 does he come; comes; speaks 
9 wonder, is speaking; comes, suppose, is speaking 
10 are having; are opening; writes; get; have you (got) 
11 says, is coming, wants 
12 Do you have/Have you got; don't think; don't see; does a traffic warden do 
13 walks, stays, parks, sticks 
14 is putting; sees; hates
15 want; are just closing; we always close, doesn't want 
16 is listening, is reading, is doing, is writing 
17 reads; knits, isn't knitting 
18 goes, doesn't go; likes; prefers 
19 are watching; are enjoying, don't understand 
20 happens; Does the teacher give; gives, shows, discusses 
21 gets;, sits, stands, walks, runs 
22 is that man standing; is trying, is waiting; doesn't he use/isn't he using; don't bother; prefer 
23 are wearing; Do you like; suits, doesn't fit 
24 speak, come 
25 is taking, is coming 
26 talk; prefer; are talking; aren't talking 
27 are having; am meeting; Do you go 
28 go, am going; takes, costs 
29 Are you doing; am packing, am catching; are you staying 
30 Are you going; I am staying; are coming; Do you invite; invite 
31 am just going; is pouring; don't you wait; stops 
32 gets, washes, shaves, gets, don't hear; hear, makes
33 gets; makes, wakes; sings, bangs, drops, plays 
34 don't you ask; mention, doesn't do; says, doesn't make, think, believes 
35 Do you see; keeps; Do you think, is asking; expect, is making; do you make; stop, ask, write 
36 starts, stays; moves; takes, does, wishes
Exercise 2  (Negatives are given in their contracted form, affirmatives are not given in their contracted form, but in speech present continuous tenses are normally contracted in the affirmative.)
1 writes, know, is doing; Does your son write; hear; seems 
2 cost; Do you think; depends 
3 am seeing; am changing; are always changing; don't you leave 
4 look/are looking, are you thinking, am thinking; are only just starting; know, am reading, says, starts 
5 is always knocking on my door and asking; does she do; puts; don't mind, annoys, knows, needs, takes 
6 does she do, runs out; borrows, takes, wants, finds 
7 does she owe; don't know, don't keep; is leaving, is getting; am trying 
8 don't you offer; sounds; doesn't realize, owes 
9 says, owe, seem, owes, remember 
10 don't think, is enjoying; keeps, is enjoying; enjoys; know, wants, is expecting/expects 
11 are you staying; am leaving; am going 
12 are you coming, are you going; depends; agrees; expect 
13 is seeing; don't you come 
14 Do you see; is watching; do you know, is watching; comes, goes, makes 
15 are all these people doing, are they wearing; they are making; are working 
16 sounds; Do you think; don't know, see, finish, are still taking on 
17 Is Ann acting; doesn't act; imagine, knows 
18 lives, come, see; doesn't bother, climbs, knocks 
19 are moving; are you leaving; suits; know, does, is/are pulling down; are widening; say 
20 ask, likes, says, don't know, thinks, suits, is merely being 
21 want; tells, says, thinks 
22 Does your sister's frankness annoy; does; doesn't want; wants 
23 hear; am not living; are still working, is taking 
24 think, take, expects; are they doing; are putting; seem, smoke, slows 
25 are always hammering; keeps, begins, hear; shakes 
26 is stirring, is standing; says, are boiling; don't think, matters, cook, don't know, isn't getting; thickens 
27 is being painted, isn't looking; Do they stop; are having 
28 does the word 'Establishment' mean; doesn't give; means, have 
29 say, belongs, imply, accepts; isn't trying/doesn't try
30 Do all rich men belong; do, are always jeering/always jeer; is used
31 is being pulled; are using; go, get 
32 smell; do; think, is coming; is probably ironing; irons, watches, gets, forgets, is pressing; is thinking 
33 are you looking; am looking; am always looking, puts; put; don't you try 
34 are travelling; is reading, is doing, is looking out; stops, falls 
35 spends; amuses; is watching, sees 
36 does; checks; doesn't need; happens, makes; makes

lunes, 21 de octubre de 2013

The Corrs - What can I do?

"What Can I Do"

I haven't slept at all in days
It's been so long since we've talked
And I have been here many times
I just don't know what I'm doing wrong

What can I do to make you love me
What can I do to make you care
What can I say to make you feel this
What can I do to get you there

There's only so much I can take
And I just got to let it go
And who knows I might feel better, yeah
If I don't try and I don't hope

What can I do to make you love me
What can I do to make you care
What can I say to make you feel this
What can I do to get you there

No more waiting, no more, aching...
No more fighting, no more, trying...

Maybe there's nothing more to say
And in a funny way I'm calm
Because the power is not mine
I'm just going to let it fly

What can I do to make you love me
(What can I do to make you love me)
What can I do to make you care
(What can I do to make you care)
What can I say to make you feel this
(What can I do to make you love me)
What can I do to get you there
(What can I do to make you care)
What can I do to make you love me
(What can I do to make you love me)
What can I do to make you care
(What can I do to make you care)
What can I change to make you feel this
(What can I do to make you love me)
What can I do to get you there
(What can I do to make you care)

And love me... love me...

[Fade out]

jueves, 17 de octubre de 2013

Writing

WRITING: SOME CONSIDERATIONS


  1. PRE- WRITING:
    1. Brainstorming: ideas.
    2. Ordering ideas and conclusion.
    3. Searching the appropriate vocabulary and grammar.
  2. WRITING
    1. Choosing the type of text
    2. Paragraphs
                                         i.    Introduction (1st paragraph)
                                        ii.    Development
                                      iii.    Conclusion (last paragraph)
  1. EDITING
    1. Clear and clean
    2. Grammar
    3. Paragraphs
    4. Vocabulary
    5. Spelling

TYPES OF TEXTS


  1. DESCRIPTIONS

    • Your description should have a clear structure:
                                         i.    Introduction
                                        ii.   Main points (Each idea, one paragraph)

1.     1st idea
2.    2nd idea
3.    3rd idea…
                                      iii.    Conclusion
·      Try to vary your use of vocabulary.
·      Introduce interesting details.


  1. OPINION ESSAY

The first step is the brainstorming. Once you have your ideas ordered, you can start writing. Remember to divide your essay into clear paragraphs so the examiner can follow you progression.
How to say it is far more important than what you say, i. E., be careful with your grammar. You are examinated of English not of your ideas.
Structure:
-          Introduction
-          Main ideas
§  Idea 1
§  Idea 2…
-          Conclusion
§  Summing up
§  Your own ideas.

  1. FOR AND AGAINST ESSAYS

Structure:
-          Introduction
-          Arguments for/against
-          Arguments against/for
-          Conclusion
Make sure you give more or less equal weight to both sides of the argument.
Summarize your personal opinion in the final paragraph.
State your arguments clearly and simply. Include only points that are relevant.
Check the spelling, grammar and punctuation of your composition.
A good thing could be your arguments before the conclusion, i.e., as for example; you are for death penalty, so then put the arguments for it in the third paragraph. Thus you will be more coherent with your conclusion.


  1. A STORY

Structure:
·         Paragraph 1: set the scene. Describe the main characters, where and when the story takes place.
·         Paragraphs 2-3: develop the story through the main events. Don’t forget to organize the events carefully, choosing appropriate linking words.
·         Last paragraph: ending. Try to make the ending interesting. Open endings where the reader has to guess what happens next can be effective.

  1. A DIALOGUE

A dialogue is a conversation between two people or among more than two people.
Structure:
·         Begin with a greeting.
·         Go on with some questions-answers (if you write a short answer, make sure you use the correct auxiliary verb)
·         End with a bye greeting.
Try to make your conversation to sound more realistic and natural using words such as ‘well’, ‘I’m afraid…’, or question tags…


CONECTORES


LINKING-WORDS

1.      CONJUNCIONES SUBORDINADAS.
A-    TEMPORALES.


After (después de que)
As long as (en tanto en cuanto)
Before (antes de que)
Till (hasta que)
When (cuando)
Whenever (cuando quiera que, siempre que)

As (cuando)
As soon as (cuando)
Since (desde que)
Untill (hasta que)
While (mientras)

B-    LUGAR.


Where (donde)
Wherever (donde quiera que)




C-    CAUSALES.


Because (porque)
Since (puesto que, ya que)
As (como)

D-    FINALIDAD.
In order that (para que)
So that (para que)
To + infinitivo (para que)
For + gerundio (para que)

E-    CONSECUTIVAS.
As a result (consiguientemente, en consecuencia)
So (por tanto)
Then (luego)
So + adj/adv + than (tan ... que)
Such (a) + nombre + that (tan ... que)

F-    CONCESIVAS.
Although (aunque)
Though (si bien)
Even though (aun cuando)


G-    MANERA.
As (como)
As if (como si)
As though (como si)

H-    CONDICIÓN.
If (si)
As soon as (tan pronto como)
Unless (a menos que)

2. RELACIONES SEMÁNTICAS
2.1. RELACIÓN AUDITIVA. Es la adición de información mediante el uso de palabras tales como.


And (y)
As well (además, también)
Also (también)
Besides (además)


Furthermore (además)
Both ... and (tanto... como) (... y ...)
In addition to this (además)
And what´s more (y lo que es más)
Not only... but also (no sólo... sino también)

Likewise (así mismo)
Too (también)
Moreover (además)
Again (por otra parte)
As well as (además de)



2.2. RELACIÓN ALTERNATIVA. Se da mediante el uso de palabras como:
Or, either .... or ... (o... o)
Neither ... nor ... (ni ... ni ...)
Whether ... or ... (tanto si ... como si no ...)
Otherwise (en otro caso, si no)
Or else (si no)


            2.3. RELACIÓN CONTRASTIVA. Se da entre dos sintagmas u oraciones.


But (pero)
Still (sin embargo)
Whereas (mientras que)
Yet (con todo)
Despite( a pesar de)

However ( sin embargo)
Nevertheless (no obstante)
While (mientras que)
Notwhithstanding (no obstante,   dejando a un lado)


On the other hand (por otra parte)



            2.4. RELACIÓN DE CAUSA Y EFECTO. Se indica mediante las palabras:
So (por lo tanto)
Consequently (en consecuencia)
Due to the fact that (debido a que)
Therefore (por esta razón)
Because (porque)

            2.5. RELACIÓN DE ORDENACIÓN.
A-    Cronología: repasa lasconjunciones subordinadas temporales.

B-    Lógica: firstly ... secondly ... and finally/ then (primeramente...., en segundo lugar..., y finalmente).

EXPRESARSE POR ESCRITO EN INGLÉS

  1. REDACCIONES
    1. Lee detenidamente el título de la redacción. Fíjate en el tiempo verbal si lo hubiera. Cerciórate de si debes escribir  sobre algo ya ocurrido (tiempos de pasado), rutinas diarias (presente), predicciones (futuro) o situaciones hipotéticas (condicionales). En éste último caso, identifica claramente el tipo de oración condicional que exija el contenido de la redacción: construcciones de primer, segundo o tercer tipo, según se trate de acciones que pueden suceder o que ya sucedieron.
    2. Haz un listado mental de las ideas que quieres tratar. Si no se te ocurre nada, hazte preguntas utilizando los interrogativos básicos para describir cualquier suceso: when, where, who, what, how, why.
    3. Planifica el vocabulario que vas a emplear. Evita expresiones inglesas de las que no estés muy seguro, y, sobre todo, no te inventes palabras. No es nada aconsejable que traduzcas del castellano. Intenta recordar frases hechas y expresiones aprendidas que puedan ser empleadas en ese contexto.
    4. Tipos de redacciones que suelen salir:
                                          i.    Descriptivas: paisaje, paraje, pueblo, casa, habitación, de una persona (físico, personalidad, aficiones)
                                         ii.    Narrativas
                                        iii.    Argumentativas: desarrollo de puntos de vista personales sobre un tema, contraste de opiniones propias y ajenas, etc.
                                        iv.    Cartas.
    1. Organiza tus ideas en dos o tres párrafos. Dependiendo del número de palabras que debas escribir, dos párrafos pueden ser suficientes. En redacciones de  60 a 80 palabras puedes emplear tres párrafos con guiones tales como:
                                          i.    Narraciones:
1.     Descripción del entorno espacial y temporal de la historia
2.     Secuencia de acontecimientos
3.     Final sorprendente
                                         ii.    Redacciones argumentativas
1.     Introducción del tema de forma general
2.     Concreción del tema, dando explicaciones o ejemplos que sostengan tus argumentos
3.     Opinión personal o dudas y preguntas sobre la validez de los argumentos empleados
    1. Piensa en las partículas y conectores más apropiados para unir tus frases
    2. Procura pensar cuidadosamente cada frase antes de escribirla.
    3. Evita repetirte demasiado, ve al grano.
    4. Dedica unos minutos a repasar lo escrito. Presta atención a los tiempos verbales que has empleado, la presencia del sujeto y su concordancia con el verbo, la posición del adjetivo, etc.
  1. CONSEJOS ÚTILES
    1. Preguntas de comprensión:
                                          i.    Nunca copiar oraciones del texto
                                         ii.    Contestar en el mismo tiempo verbal de la pregunta
                                        iii.    Fijarse muy bien en ese tiempo verbal, ya que hay veces que el texto se refiere a un presente y la cuestión está preguntando por algo en un pasado, por ejemplo.
                                        iv.    Recordar: S + V + CD + CI + CCM + CCL + CCT
                                         v.    Frases cortas
    1. Preguntas de verdadero y falso
                                          i.    Nunca poner T / F sólo. Siempre hay que poner la evidencia (entera), entrecomillada.
                                         ii.    Utilizar las siguientes fórmulas:
1.     This is true since the autor of the text says: ‘__________’
2.     This is false because in the text we can find:’__________’
3.     This is true because in the text is said: ’______________’
4.     This is false since in the text is found: ‘_______________’
                                        iii.    Tener cuidado con
1.     Negativas
2.     Interrogativas
3.     Pronombres indefinidos con sentido negativo
4.     Tiempos verbales (muchas veces la frase está en presente, por ejemplo, y la evidencia en pasado)
    1. Vocabulario:
                                          i.    Mismo tiempo verbal: si es un verbo acabado en ‘—ed’, buscar un verbo acabado en ‘-ed’
                                         ii.    Leer bien el enunciado; a veces hay que buscar antónimos en lugar de sinónimos
                                        iii.    Tener cuidado con el primer punto. Si la palabra es demasiad fácil o el examen es complicado, suelen poner el infinitivo en el ejercicio y el pasado o participio en el texto. Al poner en el ejercicio debes escribirlo en infinitivo.
                                        iv.    No hace falta saber la traducción; busca el sentido de la oración e intuirás el significado.
    1. Gramática
                                          i.    Busca las pistas que hay en cada oración (los trucos en los tiempos verbales, los adverbios, por ejemplo)
                                         ii.    Estructura de la oración inglesa: S + V + CD + CI + CCM + CCL + CCT
                                        iii.    Pasiva: to be + Vpp (¡analiza!)
                                        iv.    Condicional
1.      if pres / main fut
2.     if past (subj) / main cond
3.     if past pft / main cond pft
                                         v.    Relative clauses
1.     Who: personas
2.     Which: cosas
3.     Defining: si el pronombre es el objeto de la oración de relativo se puede omitir
4.     Non-defining: van entre comas y se puede omitir la oración por completo
                                        vi.    Preposiciones:
1.     In/at/on: más comunes
2.     From / to / since / for
3.     With + pronombre objeto
4.     By
                                       vii.    Adverbios
1.     Frecuencia
a.     detrás (especiales)
b.    delante (normales)
c.     en medio (compuestos)
2.     MaLeTa
                                      viii.    Pronombres
1.     Objeto (pueden ir precedidos por una preposición)
2.     Adjetivos posesivos + nombre
                                        ix.    Some / any // few / little //  much / many / a lot (of)
1.     Some: afirmativas con sustantivos contables plurales e incontables (recordar la excepción: en interrogativa cuando esperamos que la respuesta sea afirmativa, ofrecer y/o pedir)
2.     Any: negativas e interrogativas con sustantivos plurales e incontables (recordar la excepción: en afirmativa con ‘cualquiera’)
                                         x.    Adjetivos
1.     Adj + nombre
2.     Comparación y superlativo
a.     una sílaba: -er / -est
b.    tres sílabas: more / the most+ adj
c.     dos sílabas: depende de la terminación
3.     as + adj + as
4.     less + adj + thasn
5.     as / than + pronombre objeto
    1. Redacción
                                          i.    Mirar gramática
                                         ii.    Escribir en los mismos tiempos verbales: si has empezado en pasado, sigue en pasado.
                                        iii.    Utilizar conectores
                                        iv.    S + V + CD + CI + CCM + CCL + CCT
                                         v.    Utiliza el vocabulario del texto (pero sin copiar oraciones enteras!!!!!!)
                                        vi.    No copies estructuras el texto

                                       vii.    Utiliza frase cortas