Prefixation and Suffixation

Prefixation. (no change of class)

Negative prefixes.

·         UN: the opposite of (fair – unfair, happy – unhappy).

·         NON: not (non-smoker, non-stop, nonsense).

·         IN: the opposite of (insane, invisible).

·         DIS: the opposite of (disapproval).

·         A: lacking in (amoral).

Privative suffixes.

·         UN: to reverse action (unhorse, unfaith).

·         DE: to reverse action / to get rid of (decode, deforestation).

·         DIS: to reverse action / to deprive of (disconnect, discontent).

Pejorative prefixes.

·         MIS: badly / wrongly (misinform, misunderstand…)

·         MAL: badly (malformed).

·         PSEUDO: false (pseudo-intellectual).

Prefixes of degree or size.

·         ARCH: highest (archduke, archbishop).

·         SUPER: more than (supermarket, superman, supernatural).

·         OUT: more than (outrun).

·         SUR: over and above (surtax, survey).

·         SUB: lower than (subhuman).

·         OVER: too much (overeat, overdressed).

·         UNDER: too little (undercook, underworked).

·         HYPER: extremely (hypersensitive)

·         ULTRA: extremely (ultrasoft)

·         MINI: little (mini-skirt, mini-car).

Prefixes of attitude.

·         CO: with (coeducation, co driver).

·         COUNTER: in opposition to (counteract)

·         ANTI: against (antibiotic, anti-social).

·         PRO: on the side of (pro-revolution).

Locative prefixes.

·         SUPER: over / above (superstructure).

·         SUB: beneath (subconscious).

·         INTER: between / among (international).

·         TRANS: across (transatlantic, transplant).

Prefixes of time and order.

·         FORE: before (foretell, forecast).

·         PRE: before (pre-marital).

·         POST: after (post-war).

·         EX: former (ex-president).

·         RE: again (rebuild, re-elected).

Number prefixes.

·         UNI / MONO: one (unilateral, monotheism).

·         BI / DI: two (bilingual, dipole).

·         TRI: three (tricolour, tridimensional).

·         MULTI / POLY: many (multiracial, polysyllabic).

Other prefixes.

·         AUTO: self (autobiography).

·         NEO: new (neo-Gothic).

·         PAN: all (pan-African).

·         PROTO: original (prototype).

·         SEMI: half (semi-circle, semitone).

·         VICE: second (vice-president).

Suffixation. (possible change of Class)

Suffixes that form nouns from nouns

OCCUPATIONAL

·         ER: person that produces something (worker).

other meanings (Londoner).

DIMINUTIVE

·         LET: small, unimportant (booklet).

·         ETTE: small (cigarette).

imitation (silverette).

female (usherette).

·         Y / IE: familiar connotation (mummy, auntie).

STATUS / DOMAIN

·         OOD: status (neighbourhood, childhood).

·         SHIP: status (friendship).

·         DOM: condition (freedom).

·         OCRACY: system of government (democracy, aristocracy).

·         (E)RY: behaviour (slavery)

place or activity (nursery)

collectivity (machinery).

OTHERS

·         ING: substance (golding)

·         FUL: amount (mouthful).

·         IANA: connected (Etoniana).

Nouns / adjectives to nouns / adjectives.

·         ITE: member of a community (Israelite).

·         (I)AN: to form personal nouns and non-gradable adjectives (Italian).

·         ESE: to form personal nouns and non-gradable adjectives (Chinese).

·         IST: member / occupation (socialist, journalist).

·         ISM: attitude / movement (communism).

Nouns from verbs.

·         ER / OR: to form personal agentive and instrumental nouns (driver, actor).

·         ANT: agentive / instrumental nouns (assistant).

·         EE: passive personal nouns (employee).

·         ATION: abstract nouns / institutions (exploration, organisation).

·         MENT: abstract nouns (experiment).

·         AL: abstract nouns (refusal).

·         ING: activity (driving / painting).

·         AGE: activity (drainage).

Nouns from adjectives

·         NESS: state (happiness).

·         ITY: state (diversity)

·         CY: excellency, militancy.

Forming verbs.

·         FY: simplify.

·         IZE: modernize.

·         EN: deafen.

Adjectives.

·         FUL: useful.

·         LESS: childless.

·         LY: friendly.

·         LIKE: brotherlike.

·         ISH: Turkish, greenish.

·         IAN: rafaelian.

Suffixes in borrowed and neoclassical words.

-al, -ial, -ical, -ic, -ive, -ative, -itive, -ous, -eous, -ious.

Adverb suffixes.

·         LY: happily.

·         WARD(S): backwards.

·         WISE: humanwise.